:root {
  --paper: #f7f5ef;
  --paper-deep: #efede5;
  --ink: #202729;
  --muted: #697174;
  --line: #d7d5cd;
  --accent: #274c5f;
  --serif: "Yu Mincho", "YuMincho", "Hiragino Mincho ProN", "Noto Serif JP", serif;
  --sans: "Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN", "Yu Gothic", "YuGothic", "Noto Sans JP", sans-serif;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 2;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.28em;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 5px;
}

/* Link roles: prose stays underlined; navigation and linked headings reveal
   an underline on hover/focus. Focus outlines remain visible in every role. */
:is(.home-nav, .article-nav, .profile-contents, .section-nav, .facility-nav,
    .article-return, .profile-return) a,
.home-link,
.back-to-top {
  text-decoration-line: none;
}
:is(.home-nav, .article-nav, .profile-contents, .section-nav, .facility-nav,
    .article-return, .profile-return) a:is(:hover, :focus-visible),
.home-link:is(:hover, :focus-visible),
.back-to-top:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
  text-decoration-line: underline;
}
:is(.research-entry, .education-entry, .watch-list, .profile-papers,
    .profile-conversations, .paper-watch-section, .resources-entry) :is(h2, h3) a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-line: none;
}
:is(.research-entry, .education-entry, .watch-list, .profile-papers,
    .profile-conversations, .paper-watch-section, .resources-entry) :is(h2, h3) a:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
  text-decoration-line: underline;
}
.section-link {
  display: inline-block;
  padding-block: 4px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .85rem;
  letter-spacing: .035em;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  line-height: 1.9;
}
.site-footer a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-line: none;
}
.site-footer a:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  outline-color: currentColor;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 10;
  top: 0;
  left: 1rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem;
  transform: translateY(-120%);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.site-header,
main,
.footer-inner {
  width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 96px));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.site-header {
  padding-top: 34px;
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-bottom: 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.site-name {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-name span:first-child {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.site-name span:last-child,
.site-description,
.eyebrow,
.copyright {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}

.site-name span:last-child {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: none;
}

.site-description {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.66rem;
}

.intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(320px, 0.9fr) minmax(420px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(70px, 10vw, 150px);
  padding: clamp(80px, 11vw, 135px) 0 clamp(90px, 11vw, 140px);
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 1px;
  margin-right: 0.8rem;
  vertical-align: middle;
  background: currentColor;
  content: "";
}

h1,
h2,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 4.4vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

h1 span {
  display: block;
}

h1 span[lang="en"] {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 1.3vw, 1.08rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.intro-body {
  padding-top: 3.25rem;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.35vw, 1.08rem);
}

.intro-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.55em;
}

.intro-body .lead {
  margin-bottom: 2em;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.7vw, 1.34rem);
  line-height: 2.05;
}

.divider {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
}

.divider::before,
.divider::after {
  height: 1px;
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--line);
  content: "";
}

.divider span {
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.about-site {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.7fr) minmax(420px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(70px, 10vw, 150px);
  padding: clamp(85px, 11vw, 135px) 0;
}

.about-site h2,
.link-group h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.about-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.3em;
}

.links-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(50px, 9vw, 110px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(90px, 12vw, 150px);
  padding-top: clamp(60px, 8vw, 90px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.link-group h2 {
  margin-bottom: 1.15em;
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2vw, 1.6rem);
}

.link-group > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  max-width: 30rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.link-group a {
  text-decoration-color: #9aa6a9;
}

.external-links {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.external-links li + li {
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
}

.external-links a {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.media-links li + li {
  margin-top: 1.1rem;
}

.media-links p {
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.site-footer {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #e9e8e2;
}

.footer-inner {
  padding-top: 52px;
  padding-bottom: 58px;
}

.copyright {
  margin: 0;
  color: #aeb4b4;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  text-transform: none;
}

.external-mark {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.45rem;
  color: #93a8ae;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .site-header,
  main,
  .footer-inner {
    width: min(100% - 48px, 680px);
  }

  .intro,
  .about-site {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .intro {
    gap: 3.5rem;
  }

  .intro-body {
    max-width: 620px;
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  .about-site {
    gap: 2.8rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
  body {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.95;
  }

  .site-header,
  main,
  .footer-inner {
    width: calc(100% - 40px);
  }

  .site-header {
    padding-top: 22px;
  }

  .header-inner {
    padding-bottom: 21px;
  }

  .site-name {
    display: block;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .site-name span {
    display: block;
  }

  .site-name span:last-child {
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
  }

  .site-description {
    max-width: 9rem;
    text-align: right;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  .intro {
    gap: 2.8rem;
    padding: 70px 0 76px;
  }

  .eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 11vw, 3rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  }

  .intro-body .lead {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
  }

  .about-site {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 75px 0 85px;
  }

  .links-section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 65px;
    margin-bottom: 85px;
    padding-top: 65px;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    padding-top: 42px;
    padding-bottom: 44px;
  }

  .copyright {
    margin: 0;
  }
}

/* Research archive: the homepage entry and a quiet, single-column article. */
.research-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.7fr) minmax(420px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(70px, 10vw, 150px);
  padding: clamp(75px, 9vw, 110px) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-section h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.research-entry h3 {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.research-entry > p { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.entry-date, .entry-status, .article-date {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.research-main { max-width: 880px; }
.article-nav {
  padding-top: 25px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.article-nav span[aria-hidden] { margin-inline: 0.7em; }
.article-header { padding: 65px 0 45px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.article-header .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.article-date { margin-bottom: 1.6rem; }
.article-header h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3.2vw, 2.55rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.75;
  letter-spacing: 0.045em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.article-subtitle { margin: 1.5rem 0 2.3rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.article-header h1 .title-phrase { display: inline; white-space: nowrap; }
.article-lead { max-width: 43rem; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1.12rem; line-height: 2.1; }
.article-body { padding-top: 55px; }
.article-body section { margin-bottom: 55px; }
.article-body h2, .paper-information h2 {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.article-body p { max-width: 43rem; margin: 0 auto 1.4em; line-height: 2.15; }
.article-body h2 { max-width: 43rem; margin-inline: auto; }
.research-figure { margin: 2.8rem 0 0; }
.research-figure > a { display: block; background: white; }
.research-figure img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.research-figure figcaption {
  max-width: 43rem;
  margin: 1.2rem auto 0;
  color: #4e595d;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.95;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.figure-number { margin-right: 0.6em; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.figure-source { display: block; margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 0.75rem; }
.figure-source a { margin-left: 0.7em; }
.paper-information { padding: 40px 0 25px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.paper-information .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.paper-information p { margin-bottom: 1.1em; }
.paper-status { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--accent); }
.paper-name { font-size: 1.15rem; line-height: 1.75; letter-spacing: 0.015em; }
.paper-authors { font-size: 0.85rem; }
.paper-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.75rem; }
/* Quiet article-to-article reading paths. Links wrap naturally on small screens. */
.related-articles {
  margin: 1.6rem 0 1.3rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font: .85rem/1.95 var(--sans);
}
.related-articles p { margin: 0; }
.related-articles a { color: var(--accent); }

.article-return { padding: 28px 0 70px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 0.85rem; }

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .research-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .research-section { padding: 70px 0; }
  .research-entry h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; }
  .article-header { padding: 42px 0 32px; }
  .title-break { display: none; }
  .article-subtitle { font-size: 0.83rem; }
  .article-lead { font-size: 1rem; }
  .article-body { padding-top: 38px; }
  .article-body section { margin-bottom: 42px; }
  .research-figure { margin-top: 2rem; }
  .research-figure figcaption { font-size: 0.75rem; }
  .paper-name { font-size: 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

@media print {
  .site-header,
  main,
  .footer-inner {
    width: 100%;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
  }

  .site-footer {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
    border-top: 1px solid #999;
  }
}

/* Teaching uses the site's article typography, without research-paper metadata. */
.education-main { max-width: 880px; }
.education-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.7fr) minmax(420px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(70px, 10vw, 150px);
  padding: clamp(75px, 9vw, 110px) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.education-section h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}
.education-entry h3 {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.education-entry p { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .education-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .education-section { padding: 70px 0; }
  .education-entry h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; }
}

/* Space two course entries within the existing teaching section. */
.education-entries .education-entry + .education-entry {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* Research entries share one column; article figures retain their original colors. */
.research-entries .research-entry + .research-entry {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.water-fountain-page .wf-concepts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.6rem;
  margin: 2.8rem 0;
}
.water-fountain-page .wf-concepts .research-figure { margin: 0; }
.water-fountain-page .wf-histogram { max-width: 640px; margin-inline: auto; }
.water-fountain-page .paper-information { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .water-fountain-page .wf-concepts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
}

/* Homepage editorial layout. All rules are scoped to this page. */
.home-page {
  --ink: #252e2e;
  --muted: #596765;
  --accent: #2e5355;
  --line: #cecec3;
  --paper-deep: #f0f0e8;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.home-page .site-header,
.home-page main,
.home-page .footer-inner {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% - 112px));
}

.home-page .site-header { padding-top: 27px; }
.home-page .header-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.home-page .site-description {
  justify-self: end;
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}
.home-page .site-name span:first-child {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
}
.home-page .home-nav {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 34px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
.home-page .home-nav a {
  padding: 3px 0;
  text-underline-offset: 0.5em;
}
.home-page .intro {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.85fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 34px 72px;
  padding: 50px 0 44px;
}
.home-page .intro-heading { padding-top: 0; }
.home-page .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}
.home-page .eyebrow::before { content: none; }
.home-page .intro-heading > .eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
}
.home-page .intro-heading > .eyebrow::before {
  content: "";
  width: 32px;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-page h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 3.2vw, 2.9rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.065em;
}
.home-page h1 span[lang="en"] {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-style: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
}
.home-page .intro > .lead {
  max-width: 36rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 30px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 2.05;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
}
.home-page .intro-body {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 22px 30px;
  max-width: none;
  padding: 27px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 2;
}
.home-page .intro-body p { margin: 0; }
.home-page .intro-body p:not(:last-child),
.home-page .research-entry > p:not(.entry-date, .entry-status),
.home-page .education-entry > p {
  text-align: justify;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(2),
.home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(3) {
  padding-left: 26px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .intro-body p:last-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: 0; text-align: right; }
.home-page [id] { scroll-margin-top: 32px; }
.home-page .research-section,
.home-page .education-section {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 26px;
  padding: 28px 0 44px;
  border-top: 3px double var(--accent);
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.home-page .research-section > div:first-child,
.home-page .education-section > div:first-child {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}
.home-page .research-section > div:first-child .eyebrow,
.home-page .education-section > div:first-child .eyebrow { order: 2; margin: 0; }
.home-page .education-section > div:first-child {
  padding: 12px 24px;
  background: var(--paper-deep);
}
.home-page .section-number {
  margin-right: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.home-page .research-section h2,
.home-page .education-section h2,
.home-page .link-group h2,
.home-page .about-site h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.65;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
}
.home-page .research-entries {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px 28px;
}
.home-page .research-entries .research-entry {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 22px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .research-entries .research-featured {
  grid-column: span 2;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--accent);
  background: var(--paper-deep);
}
.home-page .research-entries .research-entry:nth-child(2),
.home-page .research-entries .research-entry:nth-child(4),
.home-page .research-entries .research-entry:nth-child(5) {
  padding-left: 24px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .entry-date,
.home-page .entry-status {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
}
.home-page .research-entry h3,
.home-page .education-entry h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.8;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.home-page .research-entry h3 .title-phrase,
.home-page .education-entry h3 .title-phrase {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.home-page .research-featured h3 {
  margin: 13px 0 17px;
  font-size: 1.58rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}
.home-page .research-entry > p:not(.entry-date, .entry-status),
.home-page .education-entry > p {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.95;
}
.home-page .research-featured > p:not(.entry-date, .entry-status) { max-width: 40rem; font-size: 1rem; }
.home-page .research-entry > .entry-status { margin-bottom: 0; }
.home-page .education-section { padding-bottom: 44px; }
.home-page .education-entries {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 26px 44px;
}
.home-page .education-entries .education-entry {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 22px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .education-entry h3 { font-size: 1.18rem; }
.home-page .education-entry > p { margin-bottom: 0; }
.home-page .links-section {
  grid-template-columns: 1.12fr 1fr;
  gap: 72px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 32px 0 44px;
  border-top: 3px double var(--accent);
}
.home-page .link-group h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.home-page .link-group + .link-group {
  padding-left: 44px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .external-links a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding-block: 5px;
  font-size: 0.87rem;
}
.home-page .external-mark { color: var(--accent); }
.home-page .media-links li + li {
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .media-links li:first-child {
  padding: 16px 22px;
  background: var(--paper-deep);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.home-page .media-links li:first-child > a { font-size: 1.12rem; }
.home-page .media-links p { margin-top: 4px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.home-page .link-group > p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: 0.96rem; }
.home-page #profiles .external-links {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.home-page #profiles .external-links li + li { margin-top: 7px; }
.home-page #profiles .external-links a { font-size: 0.78rem; }
.home-page .about-site {
  grid-template-columns: 196px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 42px;
  padding: 32px 0 44px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .about-site .eyebrow { font-size: 0.65rem; }
.home-page .about-site h2 { font-size: 1.22rem; }
/* Keep the resources panel in one column at tablet widths too.
   The later .about-site breakpoint must not override this layout. */
.home-page .about-site.resources-entry {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: 20px;
}
.home-page .resources-lead { max-width: 48rem; margin: 14px 0 0; font-size: .94rem; }
.home-page .resources-overview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 36px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.home-page .resources-overview li { min-width: 0; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.home-page .resources-overview h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.7; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.home-page .resources-overview p { margin: 10px 0 0; font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.95; }

.home-page .resources-note {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(170px, .3fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 16px 36px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 19px 0 4px;
}
.home-page .resources-note-label {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
}
.home-page .resources-note h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.home-page .resources-note > div > p {
  margin: 9px 0 0;
  font-size: .9rem;
  line-height: 1.95;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .home-page .resources-note {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 10px;
  }
}

/* Arrange the three about-site paragraphs across available width without
   forcing excessively long text lines or leaving an empty right-hand column. */
.home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}
.home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px 32px;
  max-width: none;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 2;
}
.home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body p {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
  .home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body p:first-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 18px;
  }
  .home-page .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body p:first-child {
    grid-column: auto;
  }
}
.home-page .footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding-block: 28px;
}
.home-page .back-to-top {
  color: #d3d9d5;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}
.home-page .back-to-top:focus-visible { outline-color: #d3d9d5; }

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .home-page .site-header, .home-page main, .home-page .footer-inner { width: calc(100% - 80px); }
  .home-page .intro { gap: 28px 44px; }
  .home-page .intro-body { column-gap: 24px; }
  .home-page .about-site { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .home-page .research-entries, .home-page .education-entries { column-gap: 26px; }
  .home-page .links-section { gap: 40px; }
  .home-page .link-group + .link-group { padding-left: 30px; }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .home-page .site-header, .home-page main, .home-page .footer-inner { width: calc(100% - 64px); }
  .home-page .intro { grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr); gap: 26px 36px; padding: 36px 0; }
  .home-page h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
  .home-page .intro > .lead { padding-left: 24px; font-size: 1.16rem; }
  .home-page .intro-body { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); font-size: 1rem; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:first-child { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(2) { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(3) { padding-left: 16px; }
  .home-page .about-site { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .home-page .research-entries { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .home-page .research-entries .research-entry:nth-child(n + 2) { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .home-page .research-section > div:first-child, .home-page .education-section > div:first-child { gap: 24px; }
  .home-page .research-section > div:first-child .eyebrow, .home-page .education-section > div:first-child .eyebrow { margin: 0; }
  .home-page .links-section { gap: 32px; }
  .home-page .link-group + .link-group { padding-left: 26px; }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .home-page .resources-overview { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .home-page .site-header, .home-page main, .home-page .footer-inner { width: calc(100% - 48px); }
  .home-page .site-header { padding-top: 20px; }
  .home-page .site-name span:first-child { font-size: 0.8rem; }
  .home-page .site-name span:last-child { font-size: 0.6rem; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
  .home-page .site-description { max-width: 10.5rem; font-size: 0.58rem; line-height: 1.65; text-align: right; letter-spacing: 0.075em; }
  .home-page .home-nav { justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px; margin-top: 18px; padding-block: 8px; font-size: 0.69rem; letter-spacing: 0; }
  .home-page .home-nav a { padding-block: 7px; }
  .home-page .intro { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; padding: 32px 0 36px; }
  .home-page .intro-heading { padding-top: 0; }
  .home-page .intro-heading > .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 0.65rem; }
  .home-page h1 { font-size: 2.2rem; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
  .home-page h1 span[lang="en"] { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 0.98rem; }
  .home-page .intro > .lead { max-width: 26rem; margin: 0; padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 2; }
  .home-page .intro-body { display: block; padding: 22px 0 0; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 2; }
  .home-page .intro-body p { margin-bottom: 1.1em; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(2), .home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(3) { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:nth-child(3) { text-wrap: pretty; }
  .home-page .intro-body p:last-child { text-align: left; }
  .home-page .research-section, .home-page .education-section { gap: 22px; padding: 24px 0 34px; }
  .home-page .research-section > div:first-child, .home-page .education-section > div:first-child { gap: 12px; }
  .home-page .education-section > div:first-child { padding: 10px 14px; }
  .home-page .research-section h2, .home-page .education-section h2, .home-page .link-group h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
  .home-page .eyebrow { font-size: 0.64rem; }
  .home-page .section-number { margin-right: 8px; }
  .home-page .research-entries, .home-page .education-entries { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home-page .research-entries { row-gap: 22px; }
  .home-page .research-entries .research-featured { grid-column: 1; padding: 22px 20px; margin-bottom: 0; }
  .home-page .research-featured h3 { margin: 12px 0 15px; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.8; }
  .home-page .research-entry > p:not(.entry-date, .entry-status), .home-page .research-featured > p:not(.entry-date, .entry-status), .home-page .education-entry > p { font-size: 1rem; }
  .home-page .research-entries .research-entry:not(.research-featured) { padding: 22px 0 0; }
  .home-page .research-entry h3, .home-page .education-entry h3 { font-size: 1.14rem; }
  .home-page .research-featured h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
  .home-page .entry-date, .home-page .entry-status { font-size: 0.76rem; }
  .home-page .education-entries { gap: 26px; }
  .home-page .education-entries .education-entry { padding-top: 22px; }
  .home-page .links-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 26px 0 34px; }
  .home-page .link-group h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .home-page .link-group + .link-group { padding: 26px 0 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .home-page .media-links li:first-child > a { font-size: 1.04rem; }
  .home-page .about-site { gap: 20px; padding: 26px 0 34px; }
  .home-page .about-site .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .home-page .footer-inner { gap: 16px; padding-block: 26px; }
  .home-page .copyright { font-size: 0.56rem; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
  .home-page .back-to-top { font-size: 0.65rem; }
}

@media print {
  .home-page { border-top: 0; }
  .home-page .site-header, .home-page main, .home-page .footer-inner { width: 100%; }
  .home-page .home-nav, .home-page .back-to-top { display: none; }
  .home-page .research-entries, .home-page .education-entries { display: block; }
  .home-page .research-entry, .home-page .education-entry { break-inside: avoid; }
}

/* Homepage Research Program entry: compact heading and reading columns. */
.home-page .research-section.program-entry {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 7fr);
  gap: 36px;
  padding: 28px 0 32px;
}
.home-page .program-entry > div:first-child {
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
}
.home-page .program-entry-body { max-width: 46rem; }
.home-page .program-entry-body h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.8; }
.home-page .program-entry-body p { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.home-page .program-entry-body p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .home-page .research-section.program-entry {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 24px 0 28px;
  }
}

/* Homepage lower-section composition: keep unequal content groups from
   leaving an empty right column, while retaining comfortable reading width. */
.home-page .links-section {
  display: block;
  padding-bottom: 32px;
}
.home-page .link-group + .link-group {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 27px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 0;
}
.home-page .link-group h2 { margin-bottom: 19px; }
.home-page .media-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px 34px;
}
.home-page .media-links li,
.home-page .media-links li + li {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .media-links li:first-child {
  padding: 16px 20px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-left: 0;
  background: var(--paper-deep);
}
.home-page #profiles > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  max-width: 54rem;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.home-page #profiles .external-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 7px 24px;
}
.home-page #profiles .external-links li,
.home-page #profiles .external-links li + li { min-width: 0; margin: 0; }
.home-page #profiles .external-links a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* Place the resources description beside its title at tablet/desktop widths.
   Keep the existing four resource cards and the computing note unchanged. */
.home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 0.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: 12px 34px;
}
.home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child .eyebrow {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child h2 { grid-column: 1; }
.home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child .resources-lead {
  grid-column: 2;
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .home-page #profiles .external-links { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child h2,
  .home-page .resources-entry > div:first-child .resources-lead { grid-column: 1; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .home-page .media-links { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .home-page .links-section { padding-bottom: 26px; }
  .home-page .link-group + .link-group { margin-top: 16px; padding-top: 25px; }
}
@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .home-page #profiles .external-links { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
}

/* NDO comprehensive review: a full-width editorial feature, outside the
   chronological research-card grid. Scope all rules to the homepage. */
.home-page .ndo-review-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.16fr) minmax(0, 0.84fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px);
  margin: 16px 0 36px;
  padding: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 42px);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper-deep);
}
.home-page .ndo-review-copy,
.home-page .ndo-review-figure { min-width: 0; }
.home-page .ndo-review-feature .eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-feature h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.1vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.65;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-feature h2 a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-feature h2 a:hover,
.home-page .ndo-review-feature h2 a:focus-visible {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-summary {
  margin: 16px 0 12px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.95;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-facts {
  margin: 0 0 17px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-facts span { margin-inline: 0.35em; }
.home-page .ndo-review-read { margin: 0; }
.home-page .ndo-review-read a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 4px 0 5px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-read a:hover { border-bottom-width: 2px; }
.home-page .ndo-review-figure { margin: 0; }
.home-page .ndo-review-figure > a { display: block; }
.home-page .ndo-review-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-figure figcaption {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.2rem 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.home-page .ndo-review-image-credit,
.home-page .ndo-review-caption-links { white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .home-page .ndo-review-feature {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
    margin: 12px 0 30px;
    padding: 26px 24px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .home-page .ndo-review-figure figcaption { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  .home-page .ndo-review-feature { padding: 22px 20px; }
  .home-page .ndo-review-feature h2 { font-size: 1.38rem; }
  .home-page .ndo-review-summary { font-size: 0.96rem; }
}

/* Keep the extended homepage navigation usable at smaller widths. */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .home-page .home-nav { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 22px; justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* Dense, three-column lower homepage: preserve copy while balancing the archive.
   Each column is a vertical reading stream, not a row of stretched cards. */
.home-page .archive-catalog {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: start;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 26px 0 30px;
  border-top: 3px double var(--accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0 22px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column:last-child { padding-right: 0; }
.home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column + .archive-column {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .link-group,
.home-page .archive-catalog .about-site,
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-entry {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .link-group h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.home-page .archive-catalog .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.home-page .archive-catalog #writing .media-links {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog #writing .media-links li,
.home-page .archive-catalog #writing .media-links li + li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog #writing .media-links li:first-child {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-left: 0;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .media-links p { margin: 2px 0 0; }
.home-page .archive-catalog #profiles > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog #profiles .external-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 2px 12px;
  padding-top: 9px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog #profiles .external-links li,
.home-page .archive-catalog #profiles .external-links li + li {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-note {
  display: block;
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  padding: 13px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-note-label { margin: 0 0 5px; }
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-note > div > p { margin-top: 5px; }
.home-page .archive-catalog .about-site:not(.resources-entry) {
  display: block;
  margin: 19px 0 0;
  padding: 16px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .about-site:not(.resources-entry) h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body {
  display: block;
  max-width: none;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .about-site:not(.resources-entry) .about-body p {
  margin: 0 0 11px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-entry {
  display: block;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-entry > div:first-child {
  display: block;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-entry h2 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  font-size: 1.22rem;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-entry .resources-lead {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0 0 13px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-overview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-overview li {
  padding: 11px 0 12px;
}
.home-page .archive-catalog .resources-overview p { margin-top: 5px; }
@media (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1040px) {
  .home-page .archive-catalog { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column:nth-child(3) {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    padding: 20px 0 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .home-page .archive-catalog .resources-overview {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    column-gap: 24px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .home-page .archive-catalog {
    display: block;
    padding: 22px 0 28px;
  }
  .home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column,
  .home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column:first-child,
  .home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column:last-child {
    padding: 0;
    border-left: 0;
  }
  .home-page .archive-catalog .archive-column + .archive-column {
    margin-top: 22px;
    padding-top: 22px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .home-page .archive-catalog #profiles .external-links {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}
@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .home-page .archive-catalog #profiles .external-links {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}